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How to Calculate and Modify Child Support: A Practical Guide for Parents

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Child support, in the eyes of the public, has generated myth, speculation, and a lot of misunderstanding. Some see it as something that is guaranteed to bankrupt them, others see it as a system that does not require paying parents to pay enough, and facing divorce, many parents are genuinely worried about what their child support payment might be.

Child Support is a Formula

The first thing to remember about child support is that it is a formula. That means that there is not a lot of argument about how much ends up being paid. So, why is there all the fighting over child support? It is because the formula is based on two things that parents or ex-spouses generally fight about: How much money each parent makes and how much time each parent will have with the children.

As the saying goes, “garbage in, garbage out,” which, here, means that if a parent’s income is inaccurate, underestimated, or overinflated, so too will the child support payment be an amount that parents are dissatisfied with.

Total Support for the Children

There is no shortage of law that says how a parent’s income is counted, and what part of income is counted for the purpose of child support, but the first thing to understand is how the formula itself works.

The first question to ask, when calculating child support, is how much total do the children need to maintain their basic needs? These numbers are provided in the Florida child support guidelines.

These guidelines total the income of both parents, and from that number, determine how much the child or children will need for their support. While some deviation is possible, this total number is set in the law and can be found here. As you may imagine, the total amount of support is more or less, depending on how much the parents’ combined incomes actually are.

Determining Income

That entails a determination of what the parents’ incomes are.  In cases where parents make a consistent, steady income, that may be quite straightforward. In other cases, where parents may be self-employed, have more sporadic incomes, or where job history is inconstant or unstable, that may be more difficult—this is often where parents allege the other is “hiding money.”

Even once you agree on how much each parent makes, not all income is counted—it is net, not gross income, that is used for child support purposes, and the law allows certain deductions to see what that net income figure is. 

Each Parent’s Share

Assuming there is some agreement on how much both parents earn, and thus, how much total support the children need, the formula then calculates how much of that total support number each parent should be made to pay. 

To do that, the formula takes into account the percentage of the total combined incomes that both parents earn. For example, if the guidelines say that a child should receive $1,000 per month, and each parent has equal income, each parent’s share is 50% or $500.

From there, the formula calculates the overnights that each parent has with the child. Parents will pay child support based on the percentage of overnights that they have the child. Of course, practically, both parents do not actually pay—only one will pay: the parent who, after the calculations, makes more money or else who has the child more overnights. The formula takes into account how much the nonpaying parent should contribute, and reduces the paying parent’s payment accordingly.

This is why many timesharing battles happen in divorces. Whereas normally the parents may be agreeable, and may even want the same timesharing schedule, sometimes a parent, knowing that more time with their children reduces their child support obligation, will seek more time with the children for that reason. It is also important to note that when it comes to timesharing, and how it raises or lowers your child support obligation, it is overnights that count—not time spent during the day.

Payments for things like health insurance, medical or dental expenses, medicines, or child care costs are also calculated, and parents may receive more support or have to pay less support than they normally would if they are already paying some of these expenses.

Deviating From the Number

Once you reach a final support number, the judge can deviate from the child support, but only by 5%, and parents cannot agree to have no child support paid. In fact, any agreement for child support must be approved by the judge. While parents can, of course, agree on child support at mediation or some other collaborative process, that decision is pending the judge’s approval.

If child support sounds complex, it is because it can be. That is why it is best to see a good child support attorney to get an estimate of your support obligations, instead of trying to figure it all out on your own.

Modifying Your Support

If you have young children, you can expect to pay or receive support for many years. During that time, life and your financial picture may change. Parents do have a right to modify child support, but that requires a showing that any change in financial circumstances is significant and permanent. The changed financial situation cannot be of your own making. In other words, you cannot voluntarily resign, or quit your job, or switch to a lower-paying job, just to get your child support lowered.

Many people make the mistake of, when facing dire financial problems, simply stopping or lowering support payments. But even if your financial situation should change legitimately and honestly and permanently, you still must get a court order agreeing to modify or lower child support; you cannot just decide on your own to do it. 

Contact us for help and to get information on what you can expect in your divorce case, or with your child support obligations. 

And if you found this article helpful, please leave us a review HERE.  

The Impact of Divorce on Children: Nurturing Emotional Well-Being

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If you are getting divorced and there are children in the marriage, you probably already know that the divorce will have an impact on the children’s lives and well-being. That is not to say they will forever struggle; plenty of children can and do thrive after divorce. But the fact remains that when there are children involved, both divorcing parents need to give some thought to how any divorce will affect the children’s lives.

Every Case is Different

It would be nice to just say how exactly divorce will affect all children. But that is impossible because of the variables involved in divorcing with children. Factors that may play into how children adapt to and cope with divorcing children can include:

Impact of Divorce on Children
  • The age and maturity of the children
  • The extent to which the parents are hostile or fighting with each other, either before the divorce or during the actual divorce process
  • The children’s own mental health or pre-existing mental conditions
  • How the children were doing in their lives, even before the divorce
  • The extent of upheaval in the children’s lives, post-divorce

Communication is Key

You do not want the divorce to come as a surprise out of the blue. Certainly, many older kids can look at or observe their parents and just tell that divorce is imminent. Younger kids may not have this capability. Either way, discussion is key.

One of the best things a parent can do is discuss with children about divorce, what you and your spouse will be going through, and how it will affect the kids. Unfortunately, many older kids know about divorce from movies and TV—not the best model of what kids can expect in the real world.

Putting Children in the Middle

Hopefully, you already know that you should never pit children against parents or have them make choices. Even seemingly “neutral” choices, like, “Would you rather go to school near mom or near dad,” or “Mommy will stay near your friends, but dad may be farther away,” or “Who would you rather take you to school in the mornings” can have the effect of making a child have to choose between one parent or the other. That can cause anxiety and stress.

How to Approach Divorce

What to say to the children when divorce is looming largely depends on their ages and maturity.

A younger child may need to be told that mommy and daddy still love them—this may be a concern for a younger child. An older child may be aware of this but may have more practical concerns, like whether he will still be able to stay in his school, whether he will be caught between mom and dad fighting, or whether he will still be able to play sports.

Signs of Distress

Once the divorce is underway, the challenge becomes recognizing signs of maladaptation, stress, and trauma. That is not always easy to spot—especially in pre-teens and teenagers, who may not be so open about their feelings.

Look for changes (mostly negative ones) in the child’s life. For example, if grades tend to fall, or if there is less time spent with friends or on extracurricular activities that kids used to enjoy. Any signs of being uncooperative or withdrawing from activities or social engagements are signs that the child may be having a difficult time coping.

Younger children may have more confusing signs, such as appearing to be ill, crying more, or being hostile or belligerent. The child may be more emotionally fragile—he or she may cry more often or get angry quicker or frustrated more easily. The child may say that these changes are for a non-divorce related reason, but in reality, the stress, fear, and anxiety over the divorce are the real cause of these otherwise unexplained behavioral changes.

Hearing or knowing that parents are fighting in the divorce over children’s issues, like time-sharing, custody, or support, can lead to feelings of guilt. Children may feel like they are the cause of the divorce. Parents should make sure that children know that they haven’t done anything wrong to cause the divorce.

Long Term Challenges

Then there are the long-term challenges that children of divorce face, many of which won’t be obvious right away but which divorced parents need to be aware of as they raise their children post-divorce.

Research has shown that divorced children are more likely to engage in destructive and even criminal behaviors. They also may lose the ability to have healthy interpersonal relationships. They may be more susceptible to illnesses, and some say stress, trauma, and lack of sleep due to anxiety may be contributing factors to the increased rate of illness.

Mitigating the Negative Impacts

While there is no one-size-fits-all cure to avoid the negative impact of divorce on kids, there are things that parents can do to make life easier for their children. The obvious two are to avoid fighting (and the kids’ exposure to parental fighting or disparagement of the other parent), and to communicate with kids to answer their questions and concerns.

Beyond that, many suggest that parents maintain the routines in the children’s lives and keep the kids’ pre-divorce life intact as much as possible. Once a post-divorce schedule is established, try to maintain the routine—while a haphazard, “play it by ear” time-sharing schedule may seem easier for some parents, it is not good for kids, who do better knowing where they will be and when.

You, too, can set an example by protecting kids from your emotions—where possible, they should not see you cry, lash out in anger, or have other displays of drastic emotion.

Professional mental health counselors can be of assistance as well, and parents should seek out help when necessary. Parents should also tell teachers, schools, coaches, or others about the divorce so that they are more tolerant and understanding of the emotional changes that the child is experiencing.

Anthony J. Diaz is an experienced family law attorney focusing on Mediation and Collaborative Divorce. His offices are located at 2431 Aloma Ave Suite #124,
Winter Park, FL 32792 and 3720 Suntree Blvd., Suite 103G, Melbourne, FL. 32940.

You may contact Anthony Diaz by calling 407-212-7807 or by email An*****@************aw.com or visit www.AnthonyDiazLaw.com.

And if you found this article helpful, please leave us a review HERE.

Modifying Child Support and Custody Orders: What You Need to Know

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There is an inherent contradiction when making decisions about time sharing and child support.

On the one hand, there needs to be stability—settlements and judgments need to be relied upon, and the parties (the parents) need to know what their rights, duties, and obligations will be going forward.

Child Support

Stability also helps the child; a child who gets used to one schedule should not have to suddenly adapt to a new one or move just because parents change their minds.

This means that judgments or settlements for child support and custody need to be final and determined and should be difficult to ever modify.

But on the other hand, life is uncertain. When you make decisions on time sharing and support when the children are little, you never know what curve balls life will throw at you later on. That means that decisions about time sharing cannot be absolutely permanent, as they need to account for changed circumstances in the parent’s life.

Agreeing to Modifications

Before getting into the details of how time sharing or support are modified, remember that parents can always agree to a modification. If they do both agree, the agreement should be put in writing and then given to an attorney to file with the court so that there is a record of the new agreement or altered terms.

Unforeseen Changes

The law has stuck somewhat of a balance when it comes to modifying time sharing and support.

The first requirement when modifying time sharing of a child, or child support, is showing that there has been a change of circumstances that was unforeseen at the time of the entry of the original settlement agreement or divorce case.

So, for example, imagine that dad works on commission and sometimes makes more and sometimes makes less money at work. The fact that dad has two or three “down years” financially would not justify modifying child support. It was known all along that dad’s income varied, and the parties knew that income could go up or down erratically.

Note that in 2023, the requirement that a changed circumstance be unforeseen or unanticipated was removed from the text of the law. However, in reality, many family law judges will still look at the circumstances and deny parents seeking modification if the modification is based on factors that were known to the parents at the time the original judgment or settlement was entered into.

Substantial and Permanent

Any change in circumstance must also be substantial. This means two things: that the change is not a temporary change, but rather, is permanent, and that the change is actually material—that is, enough of a change to warrant a modification.

For example, if mom needs dad to watch the kids a bit more for two months so she can get job training, that may not be a permanent change—it is expected to conclude in two months, at which time the parties can resume their normal schedule.

There is no hard line time limit for how long changed circumstances need to exist to be considered truly permanent. That is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Many parents who fall on hard financial times seek to modify their child support, but unless it is proven that the decreased earnings are permanent, they will not justify a downward modification of support. This can avoid a situation where a parent temporarily under-employs him or herself, to make it look like he or she is earning less money in order to try to pay less child support.

Best Interest of the Child

Any modification must also be in the best interest of the child. The court will look at the same factors that were used to make the initial determination of time sharing.

Stability for the child is of paramount concern for the court, and it will not enter a modification if the court feels that the modification will upset the child’s life or take the child away from his or her friends, hobbies, school, or other elements of the child’s life.

There are times when a court can enter a modification in the absence of any of these factors, but that is usually when there is violence or some event that immediately threatens the child’s physical or emotional well-being.

Noncompliance with an Existing Judgment or Agreement

It is unfortunately common that a parent does not exercise the visitation or time-sharing that he or she is supposed to have. This can lead to the other (complaint) parent wanting to modify time sharing.

But the failure to abide by a time-sharing agreement or judgment, by itself, will not justify a modification. The party that is in compliance would have to bring a motion for contempt or another motion to compel compliance with the agreement or judgment against the other parent.

Relocation as Justification

If a parent was located more than 50 miles away when the original judgment or settlement was entered into, and that parent now moves closer to the child (within 50 miles), that will automatically warrant a changed circumstance, allowing a court to modify a time sharing arrangement, even in the absence of any other evidence.

Likewise, although not specifically written into the statute, most courts will also assume that a parent moving away further than 50 miles from the other parent would constitute a substantial, permanent, and material change in circumstances.

You Need a Court Order

Remember that to change a parenting plan or to change custody obligations, you need a court order. That means that you can’t just stop paying, deny visitation, or alter visitation schedules on your own.

If you feel there is an emergency, you can file an emergency motion to modify. However, outside of that, even if you were to win your petition to modify child support, the court would still force you to pay 100% of what your previous child support obligation was before the modification was entered.

That means that parties seeing a modification should comply with whatever orders or agreements are in place while waiting for the resolution of their modification case.

Need to change the terms of your visitation, custody time sharing, child support agreement, or judgment? Is the other parent threatening to alter your time-sharing or child support agreements or judgments?

Anthony J. Diaz is an experienced family law attorney focusing on Mediation and Collaborative Divorce. His offices are located at 2431 Aloma Ave Suite #124,
Winter Park, FL 32792 and 3720 Suntree Blvd., Suite 103G, Melbourne, FL. 32940.

You may contact Anthony Diaz by calling 407-212-7807 or by email an*****@************aw.com or visit anthonydiazlaw.com for more information.

If you find this article helpful, please leave us a review HERE.

How to Get More Parenting Time With Your Child

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In any child custody case, the child (or children) of the marriage cannot be in two places at the same time. They either will live with one parent or the other on given nights of the week or throughout the year, and one parent will often have more of those nights than the other.

If You Have Visitation

The first thing to remember is that if you are the parent with “visitation,” which often means that you have fewer of the nights with the child, this is not a reflection on you, or your quality as a parent. There are a lot of factors that play into whether a parent is the primary time-sharing parent, or whether a parent gets visitation, and many of those factors have nothing to do with you, or your skills, quality, or worth as a parent.

The fact that you have visitation also does not affect your right to raise your child and make decisions about your child’s life. A parenting plan, custody agreement, or other document will be drafted and agreed upon between you and your spouse, which will detail what each parent has responsibilities for, and rights over, in the child’s life. The fact that you have visitation never takes away your constitutional right to make crucial decisions about your child’s upbringing, health and welfare.

Of course, despite all of this, many parents may understandably want as much visitation as possible. How does that happen? What are the factors that a judge or a court will look at now or in the future, in determining how much visitation that you will have with your child?

The Child’s Safety and Environment

Some factors are obvious and go without saying: the court will want to see that you provide a safe environment for your child, where the child’s needs are met. Understanding age-appropriate activities, keeping the child safe from exposure to drugs and alcohol or other dangers, are paramount.

That may also include your presence in the child’s life. That means that parents who work multiple jobs, or who may put their social life ahead of time with their child, may find visitation time reduced. Showing that you have the time and willingness to be an active, present and involved parent, will help show the court that you should get as much visitation as possible.

The court will want to disrupt the child’s life as little as possible. If you are out of the child’s school district, or far from the child’s friends or extra-curricular activities, that may affect the parenting time or visitation that you have with the child.

The court may look to the child’s physical environment. Does your child have his or her own room where you live? Are there activities that the child enjoys near you? Do you have family or relatives near you who are an active part in the child’s life?

The Other Parent

There are also a number of things that you can control, and things that you can do, to demonstrate that you should have as much visiting and parenting time with your child as possible.

One major thing you can do, is to have a healthy, working relationship with the child’s other parent, and that you refrain from belittling, insulting or fighting with the other parent in front of the child. Showing your child what a bad parent the other parent is, will not help you get more time with the child—it will have the opposite effect.

This does not mean that you have to be best friends with the other parent. It is OK and natural to maintain some hostility or anger towards the other parent. But that should never show up in front of the child, and the child should not be used as a “weapon” to “get back” at the other parent.

Use the Time You Have

You should also fight to have more time with your child, or if there is some kind of visitation schedule in place formally or informally with the other parent, you should exercise the visitation that you do have.

There are many parents who fight for visitation, and then when they get visitation time with the child, they proceed to miss pickup times, or they leave the child with babysitters, or just allow the other parent to have the child.

Of course, emergencies happen, and there is nothing wrong with parents working together to accommodate the other parent if schedules need to be rearranged or time needs to be missed. But the court will be hesitant to give you visitation (or more visitation), if it looks like you are not even using the time that you have with the child.

Be There for the Child

Be present in your child’s life-no matter where the child is physically located. For example, just because Thursday is mom’s night with the child, does not mean that you, as the dad, cannot go to the child’s play, or baseball game, or parent night at school. Make sure that all organizations where your child goes or attends, have both parents listed as contacts.

Track Time With the Child

If you have an informal visitation schedule, or if you do have an established schedule, but you and the other parent have deviated from it, keep track of any extra time that you are spending with the child (and any time the other parent is voluntarily passing up time with the child).

If you ever wanted to go back to court to ask a court to give you more visitation or parenting time, you will then have evidence of the time you are spending with the child, and of the time the other parent voluntarily gave up his or her time with the child.

There are things you can do to improve your chances of getting as much time with your child as possible after a divorce, or in a paternity action.

Anthony J. Diaz is an experienced family law attorney focusing on Mediation and Collaborative Divorce. His offices are located at 2431 Aloma Ave Suite #124, Winter Park, FL. 32792 and 3720 Suntree Blvd., Suite 103G, Melbourne, FL. 32940.

You may contact Anthony Diaz by calling 407-212-7807 or by email an*****@************aw.com or visit anthonydiazlaw.com for more information.

And if you found this article helpful, please leave us a review HERE.